Thursday, July 23, 2009

The Caged Bird Sings Because There Is Nothing Else to Do

The wild, cruel beast is not behind the bars of a cage. He is in front of them.
Axel Munthe

This is the first in a series of essays that I am writing that address the reasons (read: rationalizations) that people offer for continuing the practice of breeding and trading captive wild animals. They are in no particular order.

Reason #1: By keeping wild animals in captivity, we are protecting them from all of the hardships that come with life in the wild.

I have heard this common reason used time and again by people who breed, trade, and keep wild animals as pets. Because animals in the wild must contend with difficulties, such as potential food scarcity, confrontations and competition with other animals, natural disasters, disease, and fleas (to name a few), those who keep them in captivity claim that they are doing them a favor by releasing them from these burdens.

The most obvious hole in this argument is that wild animals have contended with, overcome, and survived such hardships in the wild for thousands of years without our assistance. In fact, the ability of a species to meet these challenges is precisely why they are still here; they are the very definition of the fittest. This is not just to say that they are physically fit, it is to say that they exist in their particular habitats because they are fit to meet its particular challenges.

Another hole in the argument is the flagrant neglect and abuse that takes place in far too many places that engage in animal trading, regardless of the outward promise of animal protection. Let's take a closer look at the word "trading." In economic terms, what is it that people trade? Commodities. We must face the fact that if we engage in trading living creatures, then we perceive them as commodities, no matter how much we may shout that we love them and are protecting them. This perception leads to the inevitable application of a fundamental principle that governs commodities trading, which is to keep the costs low and the profits high. It costs a great deal of money to meet the needs of captive wild animals, particularly large and dangerous animals like big cats. Therefore costs are kept at a minimum by neglecting the animals' needs. Cage sizes are minimized, and cages fall into disrepair for the lack of manpower and materials to maintain them; animals often live in their own waste because cleaning cages takes time and money; veterinary care is non-existent; and the quality of the food diminishes sometimes to level of dry dog food, completely unfit for an obligate carnivore. Dare to question people who keep animals in conditions like this and you may receive a sharp and patronizing response, "They don't get veterinary care in the wild!" But wait a minute, weren't you supposed to be protecting them from the cruel fate of the wild?

The corollary of course, to keeping the costs down is to maximize profit. And the reach for profit occurs in two primary ways. The first way is that the animal has to go to work. This means being dragged around to malls, fairs, carnivals, and street corners, posing for pictures, and learning undignified tricks at the hands of people who wouldn't dare even approach their kind in the wild, much less attempt to train them. It also means the separation of family units; babies are taken from their mothers at a very young age so that they will bond with humans instead of their own kind. When they are spent from the stress of these activities, the second primary reach for profit occurs. They are sold to the highest bidder, dead or alive. If alive it is, then little regard is given to where the animals that these people were "protecting" end up. To quote one breeder from Florida, "I know some of my cats went to bad places, but what could I do when they weren't making money for me anymore?" It is clear that animal protection is not the primary motivation here.

But in order to really understand the fallacy of this argument, let's look at it from another point of view. As Harper Lee said, you cannot understand a man (or an animal) until you walk a mile in his shoes. Let's side aside, for a moment, the issue of the conditions in which an animal lives in captivity. It is not rocket science to understand why it is unethical to cage an animal in deplorable living situations. But what about the ones who are well-cared for? The argument on the part of some universities that keep wild animals as team mascots goes something like this: "That tiger lives in a $3 million facility that was built just for him! Nothing is good enough for you people!"

Consider this: does a tiger understand a $3 million cage, or does it understand the forest? Does it understand the shouts of thousands of screaming fans in a stadium, or does it understand the rippling of water in a forest stream? Does it care about the skill of a quarterback, or does it care about the patience required to refrain from making a single sound in order to keep from tipping off its prey? Football, team spirit, and $3 million facilities are things that WE value, not things that caged animals value. (I could write an entire additional essay about the irony of the claim that animal rights activists should care more about people than about animals, all the while our institutions of higher education build $3 million facilities for sometimes only a single tiger. What about the people living in the streets? I guess homelessness is less of an immediate problem than quashing team spirit.)

Let's take this analogy a step further. Suppose someone came to you and said that they would build you a lovely compound, with a big house and a cozy bed and the best food and all of your needs met with no effort on your part. You could have whatever you wanted on the compound - a pool, a big-screen TV, a tennis court, whatever suits your fancy. But there is one caveat: YOU CAN NEVER LEAVE. Ever. Still sound like a good idea? Here is the short list of places you will never get to go: the beach, a public park, an amusement park, the grocery store, church, the Louvre, the library, a friend's house, college, the theatre, a basketball game, a family reunion. Yes there are many things that could come to you from the TV or internet, but those would only make you long to go to the places you see via these technologies yet are forbidden to go. Why would you care? Why would you want to leave when you have everything you need right there on the compound? Because in truth you DON'T have everything you need on the compound. Why? Because you are an animal, and animals need to explore their world. Yes, I understand that wild animals do not want to go to the places I just mentioned, but that does not mean that they don't want to go anywhere at all. Some tigers have been tracked roaming as far as 1,000 miles in the wild. Perhaps if they find a place where food is abundant and they are getting their needs met, they would not travel that far from it, but in the wild that is THEIR choice, and choice is precisely what we robbed from them, the thing from which we presumably protect them, when we took them out of the wild and put them in cages to begin with.

Our own children face many difficulties and challenges when they move away from home, and indeed faced many challenges every time they left home while they were still living there. Does that mean we should lock them away in their rooms forever to protect them from hardship? Are we doing them a favor if we do this? If I live in perfect protection, I don't have to do the difficult things that are necessary to survive and flourish in this world, but it also means that I don't GET to do any of those things either. When we are protected from the hardships of life, we are also denied the rewards of meeting them.

Meeting those hardships is exactly what wild animals have been doing for thousands of years, and quite successfully. The tiger has perfected the art of the patient wait and the exuberant lunge towards its prey; and the prey animals have perfected the art of getting away well enough that 9 out of 10 of a predator's attempts to catch them fail. Their bodies, their efforts, their diversity, their commitment to survival, as well as an overarching drive in nature to achieve balance, have painted a natural landscape full of beauty, excitement, and surprises - a landscape which generations of wild animals have never known because we, collectively, removed them from it and put them to work for us. Protection, indeed. By caging, buying, selling, and trading them, we protect them from nothing but their own freedom and dignity.

They don't need protection from the places that they call home. The argument of protection deflates as soon as we recognize one thing: anything that lives in captivity can only be described as a captive. The caged bird may very well sing, but it is little consolation when what it really wants to do is fly.

Sharyn Beach

Thursday, July 16, 2009

Constitutional Rights?

Last Friday evening my husband turned on the news in the middle of a segment about the private ownership of exotic animals. Having turned the TV on in the middle of the story, we didn't know the exact context, but I assume the story was presented in regards to the recent killing of a 2-year-old Florida girl by the family's "pet" Burmese python, and the resulting controversy over the wisdom of importing exotic animals to be kept as pets. As many Floridians know, there are some 150,000 non-native pythons now roaming in the already fragile Everglades, competing with the native wildlife for space and food. This problem began with the release of "pets" that proved to be too independent and too dangerous to control.

There are so many aspects of this story about which I could probably write an entire book, but one comment from an exotic pet owner really struck me. He claimed that he has a constitutional right to own these animals because the constitution protects his right to the pursuit of happiness, and owning these animals makes him happy. This statement reminds me of what the seventh-grade bully who use to taunt my niece at school said: "I do it because it's fun." Perhaps it was fun for her, but it was not fun for my niece. Do we not also have the right to be free from the pursuits of others that make us miserable?

Like it or not, our constitutional rights do not grant us unlimited leave to do as we please. There are limits to what our rights allow us to do, and those limits present themselves via the rights of others. In other words, our rights end where the rights of others begin. My right to pursue happiness does not include the right to curtail the happiness of others. Proclaiming that my right to pursue happiness gives me the right to cage a wild animal for my own amusement makes about as much sense as proclaiming that I should be able to force someone who doesn't love me into marriage because it is the only thing that will make me "happy."

There are really three main issues involved in this man's statement: the definition of rights, the definition of happiness, and the question of exactly who enjoys the benefits of these things we claim to hold dear. The critics of "animal rights" activists have been traditionally quick to point out that animals do not have "rights," mostly because they cannot vote. (Well, no, they can't, can they?) This is, of course, another lame attempt to make the question of protecting animals seem silly and irrelevant. Perhaps animals do not have "rights," but they do, however, have INTERESTS, and the inability to vote does not render their interests invalid; likewise, their interests cannot simply be dismissed by the constitutional right of a human to pursue happiness.

For the most part, the interests of wild animals are not that different than the interests of people. If they could vote, they would probably vote in favor of anything that gives them enough space to be who they are. It is reasonable to assume that few of them would agree that a cage in a backyard or a room in a basement is sufficient for this purpose. Few humans would agree to these terms; why do we believe it is acceptable to impose such limits upon those who don't have a say in the matter? Perhaps it is because, as Henry Beston stated so well, we erringly "patronize them for their incompleteness, for their tragic fate of having taken form so far below ourselves."*

Perhaps we just cannot admit to ourselves that it is WE who feel incomplete, and must therefore justify the imprisonment of magnificent beings by invoking the rights handed down by a document that they did not and could not have had a hand in creating, nor could they have created the emptiness that we fruitlessly try to sate by turning them into just one more of our possessions. A "right" is nothing more than the protection of an interest, and a wild animal, say, a tiger, is interested in being a tiger, a predator, a hunter, a wanderer of the forest, not in being my pet. Because wild animals do not typically wander into our homes of their own accord (unless we foolishly lure them) it is safe to assume that being "pets" does not make them happy.

We call on the constitution to protect OUR happiness, not theirs. In the appallingly short time that anyone is given to speak in a news segment, Scott Lope of Big Cat Rescue pointed out that anyone who really loves a wild animal would not willingly put it in a cage and feed it processed food from the grocery store. Why? Because we realize that while it might make US happy, it infringes upon the inherent interest of the animal to be who it is, whether it be a hunter, a runner, a flier, or a swimmer. They ask for so little, really - to find their own food, to find their own mates, and to explore their world. If we really care for them, then protecting their interests is the only thing that can make us truly happy.

The exotic pet trade usually spells misery for captive animals, frustration and sadness for those who quickly find out that it was NOT a good idea to keep them as pets, and an increase of problems in the already complicated situations facing native wildlife still living in the wild. It's time to graduate from the reasoning of the seventh-grade bully. There is nothing fun about impeding the freedom of others - not with ridicule, not with taunting, and not with cages in the backyard. The constitution protects our right to pursue happiness, not to pursue others. Real happiness comes from growing up enough to understand that we don't now, nor did we ever really, own them. They simply do not belong to us. They are not ours to buy, sell, trade, or borrow. They are not objects but whole beings, "gifted with extensions of the senses we have lost or never attained, living by voices we shall never hear."* Is it really too much to ask to give them enough space to follow where those voices lead?

Protect animals. Protect people. Protect innocent children. Protect native wildlife. Support a ban on the importation of dangerous exotic animals for the pet trade.

Sharyn Beach

*Beston, Henry. The Outermost House: A Year of Life on the Great Beach of Cape Cod. 1928. New York, Doubleday.

Thursday, July 9, 2009

Comment About Bobcat in Florida Subdivision

Today I am copying a comment I left about an article regarding a Florida bobcat "moving into a subdivision" in Melbourne, Florida.* I read this article a couple of days after reading an article about a woman who rehabilitates wild animals, but also breeds them or breeds hybrids of them to be sold as pets, which seems a little nonsensical. Aside from the fact that so many people cannot seem to accept that we cannot take the wild completely out of a wild animal by simply crossing it with a domestic animal, breeding and selling them only creates more animals that then have to be taken in and rehabilitated later.

The article about this was quite flowery and heartwarming, focusing on the noble work of caring for innocent animals. The article about a bobcat roaming in a neighborhood, however, had quite a different tone. It spoke of its "razor-sharp claws and needle-like teeth,*" and how it seemed to cunningly elude the traps laid out for it. Where are the warm, fuzzy feelings now? Additionally, where was the mention of sharp claws and teeth in the article about the breeding and selling of African Servals, who by the way, can leap up to 14 feet in the air and pounce on prey as large as a wood stork and as small as a shrew by just listening?

The truth is, we are picking and choosing amongst the characteristics of these animals to suit our purposes at the moment, and we fail to see the whole being. More importantly, we fail to see the whole, living system of which those beings are a part. Here is the comment I wrote.

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I find it interesting and revealing that when a wild cat is reported roaming free there is a focus on its weight, size, and "razor-sharp claws and needle-like teeth," as if it were some sort of big-foot type monster that is out to get us.

Yet when the media reports about wild cats being bred in captivity and traded, the focus is on the animal's magnificence or cuteness. When some people point out that keeping them as pets is a bad idea precisely because of the "razor-sharp claws and needle-like teeth," those people are then sometimes accused of being overzealous animal rights activists.

It's time to stop picking and choosing the characteristics of these animals that suit our fancy at the moment and look at the big picture. They are neither a nuisance nor a novelty. They are living creatures that belong in this world and we are accountable to them and to the natural systems that they call home.

And let's get one thing straight - we moved into the bobcat's territory, he did not move into ours.
----------------------------------

Sharyn Beach

*Bobcat prowls Florida subdivision, UPI.com, July 7, 2009. www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/07/07/Bobcat-prowls-Florida-subdivision/UPI-34101247018689/

Tuesday, July 7, 2009

The Tigers Are Not For Sale



My temple should be a house of prayer
But you have made it a den of thieves**

A few weeks ago at church we had a visit from the bishop, and his homily was based on the reading about Jesus driving the sellers and moneychangers out of the temple. I have always been particularly moved by this passage, as I feel that it has a message far beyond what most people realize. The bishop explained that the moneychangers were there so that the Jewish laws against false gods could be circumvented, thus enabling the market to cheapen the church by turning its doors into a place for buying and selling. You see, the Jews were required to bring gifts for the priests on certain holy days. Because Roman tender referred to the Roman emperor as “divine,” the Jews could not use Roman money to purchase items because the money itself was idolatrous. The moneychangers showed up on the steps of the temple to change out Roman coins for Jewish ones, thus enabling the peddlers to sell their wares to the Jews who needed gifts for their holy ones.

What, you may ask, does this have to do with tigers? This bible story often reminds me of the disturbing image displayed above. I think we humans would do well to expand our view of the “temple.” When we say “temple,” we usually think of buildings dedicated to the worship of a religious deity, or some sort of sanctuary, the meaning of which is often taken literally as a sacred place to which to retreat to escape the demands of the world. How often do we ask ourselves precisely what it is from which we need to escape? From what do we need sanctuary? Perhaps the above image says it all.

I view the entire earth as a temple, teeming with life forms of all kinds, and all of which are sacred. Each one has a position, a role, a unique gift for the entire living system. Its worth is truly measured by its living gifts to the living. Yet we treat these creatures like cheap Roman coins, made to be cut up and exchanged for the things that we wrongly believe are truly valuable. To those who view these magnificent beings as a commodity, they are worth more dead than alive.

Perhaps the most insulting and insidious example of this twisted thinking is the proposal, recently featured by John Stossel on 20/20, that in order to “save” tigers from extinction, we should “farm” them to satisfy the greed of the poachers and those to whom they sell dismembered tiger parts. “Free market economics!” they cry. Once again, someone offers up the tired old myopic view that the market will save us from everything. People are so busy looking through the wrong end of the telescope that they fail to see that the market mentality is the thing that got tigers into this mess in the first place. Talk about worshiping a false god.

I repeatedly marvel at how a group of people can come up with a really, really bad idea, spin it, twist it, sell it, build enormous juggernaut-like institutions around it, and then point to the institutions themselves as proof that the original idea was good and true. Once this happens, it becomes ever more difficult to dismantle the faulty reasoning and resurrect the truth. People begin looking through the lens of the institutions themselves and are blind to everything else. Here I refer to the institution of economics. “If we can keep tigers from going extinct AND satisfy the poachers, what’s the problem here?” they ask. The problem here is that the ideas that drive the poachers are, in a word, wrong. Or, more precisely, they stem from people valuing the wrong things. Or, more precisely, they stem from people valuing ONLY THINGS. Tigers are becoming extinct not because people can’t buy and sell them; they are becoming extinct because we push them out of the way to make room for the things we want to buy and sell.

Does this become a wake-up call? Do we face the inherent problems with the free market? No, we simply turn the free market lens on living creatures, and from there, we come to the faulty conclusion that we can "save them" by paying them the big favor of becoming another one of the things that we want to buy and sell. The market may very well be free, but the tigers most certainly are not. We do not farm tigers to save them from extinction; we farm them so that their parts can be sold for profit. We do not breed them to save them from extinction either; we breed them so that they may be sold as pets and novelty acts. All of these things have been going on for over one hundred years and we are still losing tigers in the wild.

But that’s really it, isn’t it? It’s not so much the tigers that we are losing as it is the “wild” from which they come and to which they really belong - the wild that shaped their contours over the countless milennia, the wild, in whose dominions they earned a place by meeting its challenges over the unfathomable eons, the wild that, in our quest for predictability and comfort, we have ultimately feared and forsaken. The reason the ideas that drive poachers and tiger farmers are wrong is because they reflect that we value the tigers only according to what they can give us, not according to what they really are.

This earthly temple came to us with conditions that we have stubbornly and childishly refused to accept, and as a result we are forcing the tigers and every other wild thing that we cannot understand through the proverbial eye of the needle, the gate that leads to the institutions that we built to serve us but that we now serve, and we make them pay the price - first by forcing them to live in concrete and barbed-wire worlds that are completely foreign to them, and last by handing them over to those who have no regard for anything they might hold dear, like the rivers in which they would swim, the forests in which they would roam, the grass in which they would bask in the sun.

These are the gifts of the wild. These are the gifts of the earthly temple. These are the things that were given freely until WE were the ones that decided they needed to be divided, bought, and sold. The tigers need more than to just be saved from extinction. They need sanctuary - from us. Those of us who value them whole and alive have this to say – it’s time to drive the moneychangers out of the temple. The tigers are not for sale.

Sharyn Beach

*Photo courtesy of Save The Tiger Fund
http://www.savethetigerfund.org/AM/PrinterTemplate.cfm?Section=CATT_Media_Kit
Tiger (farmed) cut in half by smugglers that were caught by Thai highway police May 2004.

*Tim Rice, Andrew Lloyd Webber. The Temple, from the album "Jesus Christ Superstar," 1970, Decca Records. Interpretation of Matthew 21:12.

Having Trouble Saying It?

The impulse is pure -
Sometimes our circuits get shorted,
By external interference

Signals get crossed -
And the balance distorted
By internal incoherence

Neil Peart*

Ever have trouble getting your point across? I know I do. I can't count the number of frustrating conversations I have had with family members and friends, during which I have tried to communicate something that is utterly and vitally important to me, only to find that interruptions, tempers, moods, and irrelevant tangents prevent me from getting to the real heart of the matter.

Conversations often begin with a pure impulse, that being the desire to share our thoughts with one another. But all too soon the circuits get shorted by the external interferences of the phone ringing, the waitress asking if we want another drink, the television previewing a favorite series, the dog barking, the kids screaming, the blackberry buzzing, the lawnmower running next door.....

While we sometimes cannot help these things, we should probably begin to recognize how they get in the way of real communication. Quiet and solitude, or the quiet, shared company of a few friends, are things that we experience less and less often. In our frantic pace, we forget that conveying a message requires energy and thought, and receiving a message requires concentration and attention. As our "deficit disorders" in these skills become more and more acute, the internal incoherence that arises from these disorders frustrates the sending and receiving of signals even more.

I am posting this blog as a way to communicate ideas about things that are extremely important to me, but that external interferences and internal incoherences prevent me from saying in day to day conversations. The written word has power; it has a way of circumventing the obstacles of speech, because the writer can express complex thoughts and emotions in an atmosphere that is more free (hopefully!) from interruptions, and the reader can be more open to receiving ideas when the burden of defending a particular point of view is lifted by the solitude of reading.

My hopes in sharing my thoughts are that the signals will reach their destination, and that the reader will be inspired, moved, or at least moved to say, "I never thought of it that way before."

Thanks for stopping by, happy reading, and if you find you are having trouble saying it, try writing it out loud.

Sharyn Beach

*Rush. Vital Signs, from the album "Moving Pictures," 1981, Core Music Publishing.